India lost to England in the first test due to a combination of factors. Firstly, England's disciplined bowling attack exploited the Indian batting lineup's vulnerabilities, especially against swing and seam movement. Secondly, India's batting collapse in the second innings, failing to chase a modest target, showcased a lack of resilience under pressure. Thirdly, England's strategic field placements and timely wickets disrupted India's momentum. Fourthly, India's inconsistent performance in key areas such as fielding and catching added to their downfall. Lastly, England's thorough preparation and adaptability to the conditions gave them a crucial edge over India in this encounter.